Sukhothai

Found in the 13th century, Sukhothai (literally means Dawn of Happiness) was the first truly independent Thai Kingdom, which enjoyed a golden age under King Ramkhamhaeng, credited with creating the Thai alphabet. The superb temples and monuments of this great city have been lovingly restored in Sukhothai Historical Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a must-see for all travellers.
Sukhothai is located on the lower edge of the northern region, 427 kilometres north of Bangkok or some 298 kilometres south of Chiang Mai. The province covers some 6,596 square kilometres and is divided into 9 Amphoes: Muang Sukhothai, Ban Dan Lan Hoi, Khiri Mat, Kong Krailat, Sawankhalok, Si Nakhon, Si Samrong, Si Satchanalai and Thung Saliam.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Sukhothai was the first kingdom of the Thais in this peninsula. Two princes-Pho Khun Pha Muang and Pho Khun Bang Klang Hao combined their forces and fought the Khmers who commanded an extensive empire throughout this part of the world.
They drove the Khmers out of Sukhothai, a major frontier post of the Khmer Empire, and established it as their capital in 1238. Pho Khun Bang Klang Hao, urged by the people to be king, was enthroned with the royal title of Pho Khun Si Indrathit.
King Si Indrathit had two sons-Pho Khun Ban Mueang and Pho Khun Ramkhamhaeng. After his death, Pho Khun Ban Mueang succeeded him. His brother, Pho Khun Ramkhamhaeng, ascended the throne in 1278 and reigned for forty years. He was Thailand's first great king.
One of Thailand's finest warriors, King Ramkhamhaeng made Sukhothai a powerful and extensive kingdom which included many parts of what are today neighbouring countries. A number of ancient cities paid him tribute.King Ramkhamhaeng opened direct political relations with China and made two trips to China - the first in 1282 to visit Emperor Kublai Khan and the second in 1300 after Kublai Khans death.
From the second visit, he brought back Chinese artisans who taught the Thais the art of pottery. Today, the old Sangkhalok Potteries are eagerly sought by collectors.
A major achievement of King Ramkhamhaeng was the revision of various forms of Khmer alphabets into a system suitable for the writing of Thai words. The alphabet that he invented in 1283 was essentially the same as that in use today.During his reign, there was prosperity and happiness. There was water in the paddy-fields and fish in the water.
A stone inscription reads in part, This Muang Sukhothai is good. In the water there are fish; in the field there is rice. The ruler does not levy a tax on the people who travel along the road together, leading their oxen on the way to trade and riding their horses on the way to sell. Whoever wants to trade in elephants, so trades. Whoever wants to trade in horses, so trades. Whoever wants to trade in silver and gold, so trades.
King Ramkhamhaeng also promoted religion and culture, and through his efforts, Buddhism progressed among the people. Inspirational faith gave birth to classic forms of Thai religious arts. Images of the Lord Buddha sculptured during the Sukhothai Era are cultural treasures which impart a feeling of peace and serenity.
A total of eight kings ruled Sukhothai. The gradual decline of Sukhothai occurred during the reigns of the last two kings. The end of this first Thai kingdom occurred in 1365 when it became a vassal state of Ayutthaya, a young and rising power to the south. Ayutthaya became the capital of Thailand before Thon Buri and Bangkok.

Experience Thai Culture

Experience Thai Culture by George Van Eyk
Thai Culture in Bangkok
Thailand is a country with a long and rich history. Thailand is also one of those countries which have many traditions which modern times fortunately have not affected. Thailand is renowned for its unique culture that has been notorious around the globe. Thai culture is especially well known for its distinctiveness. It is well worth noting that Thai culture has traditionally been handed down from one generation to the next.
Thai Classical Dance
The inspiring Thai culture includes inspiring local music and wonderful Thai dances. Thai culture furthermore includes of course its deep rooted Buddhist religion, martial arts, crafts and beautiful clothing.
Visitors to Thailand can experience Thai culture by witnessing one of the Thai classical dance performances. These classical dance performances are generally performed by gracious Thai ladies wearing beautiful Thai local costumes.
These special Thai dances are fortunately still popular throughout Thailand including with the present younger Thai generations. Most resort areas and many hotels in Phuket and other tourist locations frequently offer these special Thai culture dance shows for foreign visitors.
Thai Greeting
The unique Thai gesture of greeting another person, the wai, is especially one of the greatest aspects of Thai culture. The wai is when a person joins both hands to either head or chest level while bending their head slightly towards their hands.
This way of greeting is especially done when a younger person greets an older person and it indicated a sign of respect to their elders. Employees would also wai their superior's even if the supervisor or manager would be younger then themselves as the seniority of the other person would be respected.
Bangkok
Bangkok is the main city of Thailand and has been the Thai capital since the end of the eighteenth century. Observing Thai culture in Bangkok can be a great experience as the blend of modern times and traditions have created a one of a kind atmosphere. Bangkok still offers a package of Thai culture which showcases Thai culture through numerous beautiful Thai Buddhist temples, interesting museums and many example of ancient Thai architecture.
Places to Visit in Bangkok
One of the best places in Bangkok to experience Thai culture is in the Sanam Luang area. Visitors can visit such Thai national landmarks such as the Grand Palace which includes the Emerald Buddha Temple and also offers visitors to see many other prime examples of Thai architecture at its best.
Another location in Bangkok where one can enjoy and see Thai culture is at the famed Bangkok national museum. The large museum is located near to the Pra Pin Klao bridge incase you would like to visit the Bangkok National Museum. The famous museum offers visitors and tourists an opportunity to view national treasures and unique Thai art pieces with some dating back as early as the late sixteenth century.
About the Author
George is a long term resident of Thailand and enjoys sharing his experiences and knowledge about Thailand with others.

Thai Silk

Thai Silk: It's The Best For A Reason by Rex Freiberger

When you brush a piece of Thai silk against your face, your senses will purr with the softness of this most unique and popular fabric. Some silk producers rely on heavy machinery and an assembly line to produce the silk products you see today. In Thailand, the tradition of silk production is marked by many years of hard-earned pride, skill and style. Hand woven silk products offer a quality that is much better and of a higher standard to items created through machines.
Silk: The Legend
Legend has it that the Empress Si Ling Chi of China was the first to discover silk. It is said that while she sipped a cup of tea underneath a mulberry tree, a cocoon fell from above and into her teacup. As she tried to extract the cocoon from her cup, a very fine thread began to unravel from the pod. Soon, silk was regarded as a status symbol and kept a secret for many years. It was also a crime to even pass on silkworm eggs or cocoons for fear that their treasured thread would be revealed. Although evidence supports silk cloth production during the ancient times of Thailand, it is still a little hazy on how it came to be.
Thai Silk
The most respected reputation in silk production has been earned by Thailand, which is known for producing the finest silk in the world. Although other countries, such as Italy and China also produce silk, Thai silk is rather distinct and highly impressive. The hand woven silk from Thailand feels fine to the touch, yet still retains an earthy quality. Throughout the years, Thais have perfected a number of weaving techniques and processes, which produce a variety of weights, patterns and designs.
Silk Production Process
The process of hand woven silk production is one that requires patience. A weaver usually has the capacity to create close to only four meters of material in one day of work. With that piece of information, you should definitely value your authentic silk products even more! First, the raw silk yarn is extracted from the silk cocoon. It is then prepared for a dye job. The yarn is then treated, boiled and eventually dyed. Once dying is complete, the silk yarn is then dried before it is spun on wooden spindles. The weaving of the silk yarn is the final step. Depending on where the silk was produced, you will encounter a wide-range of styles and colors, such as the iridescent variety from Korat or Surin.
The Many Uses For Thai Silk
Although silk is often connected to clothing, there are many different uses for Thai silk you probably weren't even aware of. For starters, it is highly unlikely that you've ever tied the material to the clothing worn by astronauts. It is also used to produce carpets, sewing thread, typewriter ribbons, as well as fishing lines. Let's not forget all of the wonderful places you will encounter silk on the home front. Silk table sheets for the dining room add softness to the room. Many bedrooms display a silk bed spread, blanket, sheets or matching pillows. Silk curtains and other home accessories can really add flair to any room in the home.
How to Care For Your Silk Products
When you want to ensure the life of your silk product, you should know how to properly take care of this type of material. To clean your silk products, they should be hand washed. For a colorful cloth, it is suggested to soak in salt water for the first cleaning. When ironing, the setting should be warm.
Interesting Facts About Silk Production
1) Did you know that the silkworm isn't really a worm at all, but is actually a caterpillar? 2) Did you know that one cocoon holds a single fiber measuring 500 meters long? 3) Did you know that the natural color of the silk fiber from Thailand silkworms is gold?
Thai silk is something that can be enjoyed by all and if taken care of, it can last more than a hundred years. There's a reason why: its the only silk still hand pressed and its beauty and texture is recognized for this reason.
About the Author
You can learn more about Thai Silk Fabric at Rex's handmade handbag site, Siam Sensibilities. He sells handbags and accessories made from Thailand's indigenous materials--silk, hyacinth, leather or hemp--at budget friendly prices. Visit http://www.siamsensibilities.com for your next unique handmade purchase.

Day Trip To Koh Larn

Day Trip To Koh Larn by Lawrence Westfall

Was talking to a girl in a bar and the conversation came around to what other places in Thailand had I visited other than Pattaya. I rattled off a short list - Bangkok, Phitsanulok, Nakhon Si Thammaratt, Phuket, Koh Samui, Had Yai, Korat, and a few others. She asked me if I had ever been to Koh Larn. I told her "No" and she told me she had never been either.
Well that did it. I immediately invited her to go the next day. She was beside herself and, at first, did not believe me. I promised her that I was telling her the truth. She came home with me and spent the night and the next morning we grabbed some breakfast and booked our day trip.
We only had to wait about 15 minutes and were escorted to a meeting place near Beach Road. It was within walking distance and we were there in about as long as it takes to smoke a cigarette. A few more folks joined us and about 10 minutes later, we were heading for the beach to meet our boat.
We were taken down to the water and a long boat was waiting for us. It was very narrow - just enough room to sit 2 across. There were about 15 of us in the boat and it could have held twice as many.
We chugged out to a square pier about 15 minutes from shore. This was the para-sailing station was. I wanted no part of this and neither did the young lady with me. We just sat and watched the others on their 30-second trip that cost about 10 dollars.
From there we embarked on a two-story boat. This one had a covered area and a place to sit topside along with some room in the back of the boat. About 30 of us were on this leg of the trip. The ship chugged along at a nice, slow pace and after about 45 minutes we were nearing Koh Larn.
Another small boat came out to meet us and this one had a covered, glass bottom. After we got closer to the island, we removed the wooden covers on the glass and made an attempt to see the coral bottom. But, the water was a bit murky and we could barely make out the bottom of the water. So, we headed for shore.
Since this little trip was impromptu, my girl didn't have any proper beach attire - so I got her a bathing suit, shower cap and a pair of flip-flops - all for about 10 dollars. We found a nice spot on the beach and picked out a couple of beach chairs (50 cents for the whole day's use) and staked out our turf. There were a few vendors but they didn't pester us much.
We were offered some of the paid activities - walking underwater, snorkeling, banana boat riding and a few others - not expensive - but really had nothing that I wanted other than to lounge on the beach. So, we just played in the water a bit and relaxed on the beach chairs for about an hour.
Then it was time for lunch. We were served soup, fried rice, fish and a few other Thai dishes and for some strange reason - french fries. The food was bland but edible. There was an Indian family in our group and they had a special meal because of their religion that looked a lot better than ours.
After lunch we walked around a bit, checked out the souvenir shops and went back to our beach chairs. Lounged a bit, played in the water and then it was time for a quick shower and back on the glass bottom boat for the return to Pattaya beach.
The glass bottom boat took us back out the bigger boat and we headed back to Pattaya. The girl I was with took out her cell phone and surprised me by dialing in some music on her FM radio. She had earphones and we each used one and listened to some soft rock while making our way back to the beach at Pattaya.
We slowly made our way back with a nice breeze and spectacular view. A few hundred yards from shore we were once again met by the long, skinny boat and made our way to shore.
All in all, a very pleasant day and the total cost for the two of us was 20 dollars. Amazing Thailand.
About the Author
Larry Westfall is the owner of Newbies Guide to Pattaya

Ko Samui

(including Ko Samui, Ko Pha-ngan and Ko Tao)
The largest province of the South located 685 kilometers from Bangkok is Surat Thani the province with a name that literally means "City of the Good People". A former capital of the Srivijaya Empire, the province covers an area of approximately 12,891 square kilometers. Surat Thani Province borders the Gulf of Thailand to the north and east, Chumphon Province to the north, Nakhon Si Thammarat and Krabi Provinces to the south, Phang-Nga and Ranong Provinces to the west and Nakhon Si Thammarat Province to the east.
High plateaus and forested mountains are located to the west of the province, while there are low basins in the center and along the eastern coast. This topography has created 14 river basins including Tapee, Pum Duang, Tha Thong, Tha Krajai, Chaiya, Tha Chang which are the most important basins. All rivers in Surat Thani flow east of the province to the Gulf of Thailand.
The numerous islands along the coast makes Surat Thani (often known as Surat in short) a perfect hideaway for vacationers from around the world. The ideal destination for many is the Penang-sized Ko Samui, Thailand's third largest island, and its neighbour Ko Pha-ngan a celebrated island that hosts the biggest beach full moon party. North of Ko Pha-ngan is Ko Tao, renowned for its excellent coral reefs. To top it all is the dazzling 250-square-kilometer Ang Thong Marine National Park, where a stunning archipelago awaits to greet visitors with their charming palm-fringed beaches, crystal clear water and colorful coral reefs. The best time to enjoy one of these islands to the fullest is from April November.
History of Surat Thani
Surat Thani is a city with a long history. Archeologists believe that it was once a community of prehistoric tribes of indigenous people including the Saemang and original Malays who built their communities on the Tapee River Basin and Ao Ban Don. Later on, the Indians migrated into the area and gradually spread out their culture, as evidenced in the discovery of ruins of ancient communities in Tha Chana and Chaiya Sub-districts.
In the 13th century, the city became a part of and, as some historians might claim, a center of the glorious Srivijaya Empire the kingdom that dominated the whole Malay Peninsula and much of Java. It was during this period that Mahayana Buddhist reached its height of influence. The empires grandeur can still be admired in many areas of Chaiya District.
When the empire hit the bottom, it was divided into 3 main cities namely Chaiya, Tha Thong and Khiri Rat. They were all under the jurisdiction of Nakhon Si Thammarat until King Rama IV decided to move Tha Thong City to Ban Don and required that it report directly to Bangkoks administration. The name Ban Don was, at the time, changed to Kanchanadit. It was with the establishment of the Monthon, a former administrative unit, that all three cities were merged into one under the name Chaiya. In 1915, King Rama VI changed the name Chaiya to Surat Thani.
The seal of Surat Thani says a lot about its history. Featuring the pagoda of Phra Boromathat Chaiya, the seal is proof of the influence of Mahayana Buddhist on Surat Thani. Phra Boromathat Chaiya is the most revered and important historical place in the province. It is believed that the pagoda contains Buddha relics.
Today, Surat Thani is an important commercial and shipping hub for rubber and coconut trading.

Bangkok

Bangkok was founded in 1782 by the first monarch of the present Chakri dynasty. It is now the country's spiritual, cultural, diplomatic, commercial and educational hub. It covers an area of more than 1,500 square kilometres, and it is home to approximatlely ten million people or more than 10% of the country's population.
Over the last few decades, Thailand's capital city, Bangkok, has changed into a modern, exciting and sophisticated city. It offers to visitors not only the cosmopolitan amenities they would expect from other big cities, but also a unique treasure trove of cultural attractions. Thailand, in the heart of Southeast Asia, was never colonised and thus kept its unique culture and heritage intact. Bangkok offers visitors the opportunity to experience fascinating glimpse of Thailand's gentle culture amidst the bustle of a great and dynamic metropolis. This great city has had astounding success in combining the ancient and modern world.
For tourists, Bangkok has a feast of attractions to offer. The city is dotted with 400 glittering Buddhist temples of great beauty and fascination, magnificent palaces, classical dance extravaganzas, numerous shopping centres and traditional ways of life, especially along the "Venice of the East" timeless canals and the Chao Phraya River of the "River of Kings" winding through the city. It is worth taking a trip along its waters before exploring further into different canals to take a glimpse of old Bangkok.
Useful tourist information on Bangkok can be obtained from the official website of the Bangkok Tourism Division : http://www.bangkoktourist.com/